About 37 years were needed to build the capitol, first the east wing, and then the west wing, and finally the central building, using Kansas limestone. Construction of the Kansas State Capitol began in 1866. Holliday donated a tract of land to the state for the construction of a state capitol. Topeka was chosen as the capital, with Dr. Īfter a decade of abolitionist and proslavery conflict that gave the territory the nickname Bleeding Kansas, Kansas was admitted to the Union in 1861 as the 34th state. The militia manned the fortifications until at least September 1856, when the siege around the town was lifted. The fortifications seemed to consist of low-lying earthwork levies strengthened by the presence of at least one cannon. A militia was organized and stone fortifications were built on Quincy Street. After southern forces barricaded Topeka in 1856, Topeka's leaders took actions to defend the free-state town from invasion. Topeka was a bastion for the free-state movement during the problems in Kansas Territory between abolitionist and proslavery settlers (the latter of whom controlled the legal government based out of Lecompton). By the late 1860s, Topeka had become a commercial hub that offered many Victorian era comforts. Soon, steamboats were regularly docking at the Topeka landing, depositing meat, lumber, and flour and returning eastward with potatoes, corn, and wheat. Holliday, an "idea man", who became mayor of Topeka and founder of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad. In 1854, after completion of the first cabin, nine men established the Topeka Town Association. In the early 1850s, traffic along the Oregon Trail was supplemented by trade on a new military road stretching from Fort Leavenworth through Topeka to the newly established Fort Riley. During the 1840s and into the 1850s, travelers could reliably find a way across the river, but little else was in the area.Īn 1869 bird's-eye illustration of Topeka About 60 miles (97 km) west of Kansas City, Missouri, three half- Kansas Indian sisters married to the French-Canadian Pappan brothers established a ferry service allowing travelers to cross the Kansas River at what is now Topeka. In the 1840s, wagon trains made their way west from Independence, Missouri, on a journey of 2,000 miles (3,000 km), following what came to be known as the Oregon Trail. In 1803, the United States purchased the territory, which included most of the land of modern Kansas, from France for $15 million. In 1800, Spain returned Louisiana to France. In 1762, late in the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded Louisiana west of the Mississippi River to Spain in the Treaty of Fontainebleau. From the 16th to the mid-18th centuries, the Kingdom of France laid claim to large parts of North America. See also: Timeline of Topeka, Kansas and History of Kansas Early history įor many millennia, Native Americans inhabited the Great Plains of North America. Ferguson and declared racial segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional. Board of Education of Topeka, which overturned Plessy vs. The city is well known for the landmark U.S. The city, laid out in 1854, was one of the Free-State towns founded by Eastern antislavery men immediately after the passage of the Kansas–Nebraska Bill. Topeka's founders chose the name in 1855 because it "was novel, of Indian origin, and euphonious of sound." Mixed-blood Kansa Native American, Joseph James, called Jojim, is credited with suggesting Topeka's name. As a placename, Topeka was first recorded in 1826 as the Kansa name for what is now called the Kansas River. The name "Topeka" is a Kansa-Osage word that means "place where we dig potatoes", or "a good place to dig potatoes". The Topeka metropolitan statistical area, which includes Shawnee, Jackson, Jefferson, Osage, and Wabaunsee Counties, had a population of 233,870 in the 2010 census. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 126,587. It is along the Kansas River in the central part of Shawnee County, in northeast Kansas, in the Central United States. state of Kansas and the seat of Shawnee County. Topeka ( / t ə ˈ p iː k ə/ tə- PEE-kə Kansa: tó ppí kʼé Iowa-Oto: Dópikˀe or Dópiúkˀe ) is the capital city of the U.S.
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