Now look down at the front wheel hub/axel. Sit on the bike in a neutral position with your hands resting on the hoods (illustrated above) and your head in a natural riding position - eyes looking forward. The quickest test of correct reach is to sit in the correct riding position on the bike (a trainer is great for this or if that is available, take the bike for a quick ride or balance against a wall with someone's assistance). The Reach is the distance your hands project forward to comfortably rest on bars and manipulate the brakes and gears. Buy the correct size bike and your hours of saddle time will actually strengthen your core and back, not hinder it. Whether that is upper or lower back pain will depend on whether you buy, or are sold, a bike that is too big or too small for you. Get this one wrong, and you may be in for a world of back pain. For the Trek Madone, this is measurement L in the Geometry diagram below. If you are looking at the best size option based on a geometry chart, measure from inner leg to floor (with shoes on), remove 2cm and test that measurement against the bikes geometry chart. When you stand-over the midpoint of the bike, with shoes on, you should be able to lift the bike up until there is a 2 cm gap between the tyres and the floor - without the frame coming in contact with your groin. Having the correct Stand-over will ensure you do not impact your groin area during this situation. Ok, so why is it so important? Simply put, if you are travelling along on your bike and you need to stop in a hurry, you'll have to jump forward, landing on the ground, standing with your legs on each side of the top tube. Stand-over is the measurement of the height of the bikes top-tube from the ground at its midpoint.
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